"Window dressing" is a term used to describe the practice of making a portfolio or investment appear more attractive to potential investors by manipulating the reported performance data. This can be done in a variety of ways, but some common examples include:
- Booking only realized gains and losses, and not reporting losses on open positions: This makes the portfolio or investment appear more profitable than it actually is by not including the full extent of the losses.
- Selling losing positions before the end of the reporting period: This reduces the overall losses of the portfolio or investment by eliminating the positions that are performing poorly.
- Buying winning positions before the end of the reporting period: This increases the overall gains of the portfolio or investment by adding positions that are performing well.
- Timing the sale of investments to realize gains or losses at specific times: This can be used to influence the reported performance data of the portfolio or investment by realizing gains or losses at a time that is favorable for the reported performance.
All of these practices can make the performance of the portfolio or investment appear better than it actually is, which can lead to investors making poor decisions based on false information. It's important to note that this is a violation of laws and regulations and can result in penalties and fines for the individuals or firms involved.
It's worth noting that some of these practices may not be illegal per se but are considered unethical and not in line with the best practices and principles of investment management.